1. Stems with trifid spines ca. 1 cm or more long at the nodes; leaf blades tapering to a short petiole.
1. Stems spineless; leaf blades ± cordate, mostly about 1-2 times as long as their petioles.
Citation:
MICHIGAN FLORA ONLINE. A. A. Reznicek, E. G. Voss, & B. S. Walters. February 2011. University of Michigan. Web. March 16, 2025
https://mifloradev.lsa.umich.edu/flora-demo/#/genus/Xanthium